Prepoznavanje bolezni z zdravstvenim nadzorom

Določene vrste škodljive izpostavljenosti na delovnem mestu in povezane učinke na zdravje je mogoče prepoznati in spremljati prek nadzora in presejalnih pregledov na področju medicine dela, pri čemer se uporabljajo:

  • zdravstveni pregledi, prilagojeni vrstam izpostavljenosti in pogojem na delovnem mestu;
  • biološki preizkusi (vključno z biološkim monitoringom) glede posebnih kazalnikov tveganja.

Programe zdravstvenega nadzora bi bilo treba vzpostaviti samo, če izboljšujejo zaščito in preprečevanje tveganj ter izpolnjujejo štiri merila: potreba, ustreznost, znanstvena veljavnost in učinkovitost. Običajno jih organizirajo službe medicine dela. Mednarodna komisija za etični kodeks medicine dela določa štiri etična merila za zdravstveni nadzor.

V nekaterih evropskih direktivah in nacionalnih zakonodajnih aktih sta za posebne dejavnike določena vsebina in metodologija zdravstvenega nadzora. Treba je voditi evidence in delavce obvestiti o rezultatih. Ker pa so informacije zaupne, delodajalec prejme samo obvestilo o delavčevi zmožnosti za delo in morebitnih ukrepih, ki jih je treba sprejeti na delovnem mestu.

Direktive tudi določajo, da je treba dati na razpolago podatke o spremljanju in zdravstvenem nadzoru, ter posebna pravila za vodenje evidenc. Direktiva o rakotvornih in mutagenih snoveh na primer določa, da je treba evidence voditi 40 let.

Posebni članki OSHwiki

Biological monitoring (biomonitoring)

Miklós Náray Hungarian Institute of Occupational Health , Ferenc Kudász Hungarian Institute of Occupational Health

Introduction

Biological monitoring (biomonitoring) in occupational safety and health is the detection of substances (biomarkers) in biological samples of workers, compared to reference values. This article is limited to chemical exposures. Biomonitoring can help in exposure assessment of specific chemicals, characterisation of exposure pathways and potential risks. Biomarkers can detect the exposure, the effect, or reveal susceptibility. Biomonitoring may be interpreted at group or individual level. Most common media are urine and blood. While multitudes of substances can be measured, there are still only limited numbers of validated methods and limit values with…

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Reporting and monitoring occupational accidents and diseases in Europe

Markku Aaltonen Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland , Timo Kauppinen Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Anja Saalo Finnish Institute of Occupational Health

Introduction

Effective prevention requires that statistics are reliable and accurate enough to allow the identification of industries, occupations and work tasks where there is a high risk of accident or disease. The measures can then be focused on these tasks and future cases may thereby be prevented.

This article describes how monitoring of occupational accidents and diseases may be integrated into the national surveillance systems of occupational health and safety. European data collection and reporting systems are described for accidents and diseases. Finally, references and links are provided for further information on this topic.

Framework and…

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