Glossary
Chemical Terms
‘Substance’ means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition;
Ett kemiskt grundämne eller en förening av två eller flera
kemiska grundämnen.
Termen ångor gäller främst fina fasta partiklar som en suspension i luft. De bildas ofta genom förångning från smälta ämnen (t.ex. svets- eller gummiångor).
‘Mixture’ means a mixture or solution composed of two or more substances.
Solid particles of a substance or mixture suspended in a gas (usually air).
Klassificeringen av farliga ämnen bygger på de kategorier som definieras i CLP-förordningen. Dessa kategorier är fysikaliska faror (explosivitet, brandfarlighet, instabilitet osv.) hälsofaror (alla aspekter av kort- och långsiktiga hälsoskador) och miljöfaror (fara för vattenmiljön osv.).
Solid means a substance or mixture which does not meet the definitions of liquid or gas (CLP)
Fast är ett aggregationstillstånd, en form ett ämne kan ha.
Det kännetecknas av strukturell stelhet och motstånd mot
förändring av form eller volym
En kemisk förening utgörs av två eller flera kemiska grundämnen.
Gas means a substance which:
(i) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa (absolute); or
(ii) is completely gaseous at 20 °C at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa;
Substances and air contaminants may be generated from processes at work places, e.g. combustion processes where fumes, exhausts and smoke is emitted and, grinding and cutting processes emitting dust. These generated substances and air contaminants may be dangerous.
A substance which fulfils the criteria relating to physical hazards, health hazards or environmental hazards, laid down in Parts 2 to 5 of Annex I of the CLP Regulation, and classified in relation to the respective hazard classes provided for in that Annex.
The classification of dangerous substances is based on categories defined in the CLP Directive. These categories include physical hazards (explosive, flammable, instable etc.) health hazards (all aspects of short and long term harm to health) and environmental hazards (aquatic environment etc.)
Often hazardous substances and dangerous substances are used like synonyms. There is no clear distinction, language preferences play a role.
En vanlig benämning på kemiska grundämnen, föreningar och blandningar av föreningar och grundämnen.
Denna term används i den grundläggande
arbetsmiljölagstiftningen:
'Chemical agent`1 means any chemical element or
compound, on its own or admixed, as it occurs in the
natural state or as produced, used or released, including
release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not
produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the
market;
En produkt som består av ett eller flera kemiska ämnen eller en eller flera föreningar. Dess funktion avgörs i hög grad av dess kemiska sammansättning. Typiska exempel är lim, målarfärger, tryckfärger, desinfektionsmedel, biocider, mjukgörare, silikon, fyrverkerier och smörjoljor.
An object which during production is given a special shape, surface or design which determines its function to a greater degree than does its chemical composition Typiska exempel är däck, plastmöbler, elektroniska produkter, textilier baserade på kemiska fibrer och kablar.
Processgenererade föroreningar kan bildas som utsläpp
från alla typer av processer som leder till exponering på
arbetsplatsen, t.ex. förbränning eller processer med
fysikalisk eller kemisk nedbrytning eller annan förändring
av utgångsmaterialet.
Liquid means a substance or mixture which:
(i) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure of not more than 300 kPa (3 bar);
(ii) is not completely gaseous at 20 °C and at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa; and
(iii) which has a melting point or initial melting point of 20 °C or less at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa;
Health and Safety
CLP skiljer mellan brandfarliga gaser, aerosoler, vätskor och fasta ämnen och tillämpar olika kriterier för dessa. En förenklad definition är att alla ämnen som kan antändas och brinna eller underlättar antändning och brand av andra material klassificeras som brandfarliga.
Carcinogen means a substance or a mixture of substances which induce cancer or increase its incidence.
An explosive substance or mixture is a solid or liquid substance or mixture of substances which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.
Exponering beskriver att ett ämne finns närvarande i en arbetstagares miljö och antingen kan inandas eller tas upp genom kontakt med huden (även ögonen eller öronen) eller genom förtäring. Contact of an organism with a chemical, radiological, or physical agent. Exposure is quantified as the amount of the agent available at the exchange boundaries of the organism (e.g. skin, lungs, gut) and available for absorption.
Via munnen inta och tillgodogöra sig livsmedel, läkemedel, drycker eller andra ämnen.
A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. Hazards can affect people, property, processes; they can cause accidents and ill-heath, loss of output, damage to machinery, etc.
Dra in luft i luftvägarna och lungorna
Skin irritation means the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours
A mutation means a permanent change in the amount or structure of the genetic material in a cell. The term ‘mutation’ applies both to heritable genetic changes that may be manifested at the phenotypic level and to the underlying DNA modifications when known (including specific base pair changes and chromosomal translocations).
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring.
Occupational risk refers to the likelihood and the severity of an injury or an illness occurring as a result of exposure to a hazard.
Respiratory sensitiser means a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance. Skin sensitiser means a substance that will lead to an allergic response following skin contact
Respiratory sensitiser means a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance.
Ur juridisk synvinkel är en kemikalie (ett ämne eller en blandning) akut toxisk om den uppfyller dessa CLP-kriterier: Acute toxicity means those adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal administration of a single dose of a substance or a mixture, or multiple doses given within 24 hours, or an inhalation exposure of 4 hours. CLP skiljer mellan oral toxicitet, dermal toxicitet och toxicitet vid inandning.
Exponering för farliga ämnen kan leda till skador på specifika
organ. CLP skiljer på organspecifik skada på grund av enstaka
och upprepad exponering.
Legislation
see: Chemical Agents Directive
Directive 2004/37/EC (the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive, CMD)
of 29 April 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work
Directive 98/24/EC (the Chemical Agents Directive, CAD)
of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation)
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
see Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive
see: Globally Harmonised System
Directive 2009/161/EU - indicative occupational exposure limit values
see: Occupational Exposure Limit
see: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH Regulation)
of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and establishing a European Chemicals Agency
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 - REACH
see: Safety Data Sheet
Measures and Procedures
All measures that aim at the reduction of the generation of dangerous substances and the exposure risk.
Utbyte av ett farligt ämne eller en kemisk produkt eller process som ger bildning av farliga ämnen mot mindre farliga alternativ.
Hazard statement means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard;
Hazard pictogram means a graphical composition that includes a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as a border, background pattern or colour that is intended to convey specific information on the hazard concerned;
Alla åtgärder som syftar till att minska bildningen av farliga ämnen och risken för exponering.
Measurement of the concentration of air contaminants at the workplace. Measurements may be used for measuring workers´ exposure or to study the concentration of air contaminants at the workplace, e.g. leakages, identification of sources emitting air contaminants and evaluation of the effectiveness of local exhausts as a basis for decisions about what measures should be taken. Depending on which substance is to be measured, different kinds of measuring equipment are available.
Alla åtgärder som syftar till att minska exponering för farliga ämnen genom organisatoriska metoder (t.ex. minskning av antalet arbetstagare i exponerade områden).
PPE means:
(a) equipment designed and manufactured to be worn or held by a person for protection against one or more risks to that person's health or safety;
(b) interchangeable components for equipment referred to in point (a) which are essential for its protective function;
(c) connexion systems for equipment referred to in point (a) that are not held or worn by a person, that are designed to connect that equipment to an external device or to a reliable anchorage point, that are not designed to be permanently fixed and that do not require fastening works before use;
The aim of occupational risk assessment is to protect workers’ health and safety. Risk assessment includes identifying risks, evaluating how severe the risk is and deciding if there is a need to take action to reduce the risk.
Under health and safety laws, all employers must carry out regular risk assessment.
SDS provide information about the properties of a chemical product, its hazards, and instructions for handling, disposal and transport, first-aid, fire-fighting and safety measures to reduce exposure. The information in SDS is needed to understand the risks and know how to handle the chemical product safely.
Alla åtgärder som syftar till att minska exponering för farliga ämnen genom användning av teknisk utrustning.