Glossary
Chemical Terms
Tento pojem sa používa v základných právnych predpisoch BOZP: 'Chemical agent`1 means any chemical element or
compound, on its own or admixed, as it occurs in the
natural state or as produced, used or released, including
release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not
produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the
market;
Produkt zložený z jednej alebo viacerých chemických látok alebo zlúčenín. Jeho funkcia je do veľkej miery určená jeho chemickým zložením. Typickým príkladom sú lepidlá, farby, atramenty, dezinfekčné prostriedky, biocídy, zmäkčovadlá, silikón, zábavná pyrotechnika, mazacie oleje atď.
An object which during production is given a special shape, surface or design which determines its function to a greater degree than does its chemical composition Typickým príkladom sú pneumatiky, plastový nábytok, elektronické zariadenia, textílie z chemických vlákien, káble
Bežne používaný názov chemických prvkov, zlúčenín a zmesí zlúčenín a prvkov.
Pojem dym sa uplatňuje najmä na jemné tuhé častice ako suspenzia vo vzduchu, často tvorený prchaním z topených látok (napr. zváranie alebo gumené výpary).
Substances and air contaminants may be generated from processes at work places, e.g. combustion processes where fumes, exhausts and smoke is emitted and, grinding and cutting processes emitting dust. These generated substances and air contaminants may be dangerous.
A substance which fulfils the criteria relating to physical hazards, health hazards or environmental hazards, laid down in Parts 2 to 5 of Annex I of the CLP Regulation, and classified in relation to the respective hazard classes provided for in that Annex.
The classification of dangerous substances is based on categories defined in the CLP Directive. These categories include physical hazards (explosive, flammable, instable etc.) health hazards (all aspects of short and long term harm to health) and environmental hazards (aquatic environment etc.)
Often hazardous substances and dangerous substances are used like synonyms. There is no clear distinction, language preferences play a role.
Liquid means a substance or mixture which:
(i) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure of not more than 300 kPa (3 bar);
(ii) is not completely gaseous at 20 °C and at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa; and
(iii) which has a melting point or initial melting point of 20 °C or less at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa;
‘Substance’ means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition; Chemický prvok alebo zlúčenina dvoch alebo viacerých chemických prvkov.
Kontaminanty vznikajúce počas procesov môžu byť vytvorené ako emisie z akéhokoľvek druhu procesov, ktoré vedú k expozícii na pracoviskách, t. j. procesy spaľovania, procesy, ktoré fyzicky alebo chemicky rozkladajú alebo inak upravujú pôvodný materiál.
Klasifikácia nebezpečných látok vychádza z kategórií vymedzených v smernici o klasifikácii, označovaní a balení. Tieto kategórie zahŕňajú fyzikálnu nebezpečnosť (výbušné, horľavé, nestabilné látky atď.), nebezpečnosť pre zdravie (všetky aspekty krátkodobého a dlhodobého poškodenia zdravia) a nebezpečnosť pre životné prostredie (vodné prostredie atď.).
Gas means a substance which:
(i) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa (absolute); or
(ii) is completely gaseous at 20 °C at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa;
Solid particles of a substance or mixture suspended in a gas (usually air).
Solid means a substance or mixture which does not meet the definitions of liquid or gas (CLP)
Tuhá látka je stav hmoty. Je charakterizovaný
štrukturálnou tvrdosťou a odolnosťou voči zmenám tvaru
alebo objemu
Chemická zlúčenina zložená z dvoch alebo viacerých chemických prvkov.
‘Mixture’ means a mixture or solution composed of two or more substances.
Health and Safety
Skin irritation means the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours.
Expozícia opisuje, že látka je prítomná v prostredí pracovníka a môže byť buď vdýchnutá, alebo absorbovaná kontaktom s kožou (aj očami, ušami) alebo požitím. Contact of an organism with a chemical, radiological, or physical agent. Exposure is quantified as the amount of the agent available at the exchange boundaries of the organism (e.g. skin, lungs, gut) and available for absorption.
A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. Hazards can affect people, property, processes; they can cause accidents and ill-heath, loss of output, damage to machinery, etc.
Klasifikácia, označovanie a balenie rozlišuje medzi horľavými plynmi, aerosólovými kvapalinami a tuhými látkami a uplatňuje rôzne kritériá. Zjednodušeným vymedzením je, že všetky látky, ktoré sa môžu vznietiť a horieť alebo podporovať vznietenie a horenie iných materiálov, sú klasifikované ako horľavé.
Vtiahnutie vzduchu do dýchacích ciest a pľúc
Carcinogen means a substance or a mixture of substances which induce cancer or increase its incidence.
A mutation means a permanent change in the amount or structure of the genetic material in a cell. The term ‘mutation’ applies both to heritable genetic changes that may be manifested at the phenotypic level and to the underlying DNA modifications when known (including specific base pair changes and chromosomal translocations).
Príjem potraviny, liekov, kvapalín alebo iných látok do tela cez ústa.
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring.
Occupational risk refers to the likelihood and the severity of an injury or an illness occurring as a result of exposure to a hazard.
Respiratory sensitiser means a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance.
Respiratory sensitiser means a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance.
Skin sensitiser means a substance that will lead to an allergic response following skin contact
Z právneho hľadiska je chemikália (látka, zmes) akútne toxická, ak spĺňa tieto kritériá klasifikácie, označovania a balenia: Acute toxicity means those adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal administration of a single dose of a substance or a mixture, or multiple doses given within 24 hours, or an inhalation exposure of 4 hours. Klasifikácia, označovanie a balenie rozlišuje medzi orálnou, dermálnou a inhalačnou toxicitou.
Expozícia nebezpečným látkam môže viesť k špecifickému poškodeniu orgánov. Klasifikácia, označovanie a balenie rozlišuje medzi špecifickým poškodením orgánov z dôvodu jednorazovej expozície alebo opakovanej expozície.
An explosive substance or mixture is a solid or liquid substance or mixture of substances which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.
Legislation
see: Chemical Agents Directive
Directive 2004/37/EC (the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive, CMD)
of 29 April 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work
Directive 98/24/EC (the Chemical Agents Directive, CAD)
of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation)
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
see Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive
see: Globally Harmonised System
Directive 2009/161/EU - indicative occupational exposure limit values
see: Occupational Exposure Limit
see: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH Regulation)
of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and establishing a European Chemicals Agency
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 - REACH
see: Safety Data Sheet
Measures and Procedures
All measures that aim at the reduction of the generation of dangerous substances and the exposure risk.
Všetky opatrenia, ktoré sú zamerané na zníženie tvorby nebezpečných látok a rizika expozície pri expozícii.
Measurement of the concentration of air contaminants at the workplace. Measurements may be used for measuring workers´ exposure or to study the concentration of air contaminants at the workplace, e.g. leakages, identification of sources emitting air contaminants and evaluation of the effectiveness of local exhausts as a basis for decisions about what measures should be taken. Depending on which substance is to be measured, different kinds of measuring equipment are available.
Nahradenie nebezpečnej látky alebo chemického produktu alebo proces tvorby nebezpečných látok z menej nebezpečných látok
Všetky opatrenia zamerané na zníženie expozíciám nebezpečných látok organizačnými prostriedkami (napr. zníženie počtu pracovníkov v oblastiach expozície)
PPE means:
(a) equipment designed and manufactured to be worn or held by a person for protection against one or more risks to that person's health or safety;
(b) interchangeable components for equipment referred to in point (a) which are essential for its protective function;
(c) connexion systems for equipment referred to in point (a) that are not held or worn by a person, that are designed to connect that equipment to an external device or to a reliable anchorage point, that are not designed to be permanently fixed and that do not require fastening works before use;
The aim of occupational risk assessment is to protect workers’ health and safety. Risk assessment includes identifying risks, evaluating how severe the risk is and deciding if there is a need to take action to reduce the risk.
Under health and safety laws, all employers must carry out regular risk assessment.
SDS provide information about the properties of a chemical product, its hazards, and instructions for handling, disposal and transport, first-aid, fire-fighting and safety measures to reduce exposure. The information in SDS is needed to understand the risks and know how to handle the chemical product safely.
Všetky opatrenia zamerané na zníženie expozíciám nebezpečných látok použitím technického vybavenia
Hazard pictogram means a graphical composition that includes a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as a border, background pattern or colour that is intended to convey specific information on the hazard concerned;
Hazard statement means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard;