Glossary
Chemical Terms
Kaitīgu vielu klasifikācija ir pamatota uz CLP direktīvā
definētajām kategorijām. Šīs kategorijas ir fizikālā
bīstamība (sprādzienbīstamība, uzliesmojamība, stabilitāte
utt.), bīstamība veselībai (visi īstermiņa un ilgtermiņa
veselības kaitējuma aspekti) un bīstamība videi (ūdens
videi utt.).
Solid means a substance or mixture which does not meet the definitions of liquid or gas (CLP) Cieta viela ir vielas agregātstāvoklis. Tam raksturīga strukturāla stingrība un pretestība formas vai apjoma izmaiņām.
Gas means a substance which:
(i) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa
(absolute); or
(ii) is completely gaseous at 20 °C at a standard pressure of
101,3 kPa;
Substances and air contaminants may be generated from processes at work places, e.g. combustion processes where fumes, exhausts and smoke is emitted and, grinding and cutting processes emitting dust. These generated substances and air contaminants may be dangerous.
A substance which fulfils the criteria relating to physical hazards, health hazards or environmental hazards, laid down in Parts 2 to 5 of Annex I of the CLP Regulation, and classified in relation to the respective hazard classes provided for in that Annex.
The classification of dangerous substances is based on categories defined in the CLP Directive. These categories include physical hazards (explosive, flammable, instable etc.) health hazards (all aspects of short and long term harm to health) and environmental hazards (aquatic environment etc.)
Often hazardous substances and dangerous substances are used like synonyms. There is no clear distinction, language preferences play a role.
Šo terminu izmanto darba aizsardzības pamata tiesību
aktos:
'Chemical agent`1 means any chemical element or compound, on its own or admixed, as it occurs in the natural state or as produced, used or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market;
An object which during production is given a special shape, surface or design which determines its function to a greater degree than does its chemical composition Tipiski piemēri ir riepas, plastmasas mēbeles, elektroniskas ierīces, no ķīmiskajām šķiedrām ražoti tekstilizstrādājum, kabeļi
Nosaukums, ko bieži izmanto ķīmiskajiem elementiem, savienojumiem un savienojumu un elementu maisījumiem.
Produkts, kas sastāv no vienas vai vairākām ķīmiskajām vielām vai savienojumiem. Maisījuma funkciju lielā mērā nosaka tā ķīmiskais sastāvs. Tipiski piemēri ir līmes, krāsas, tintes, dezinfekcijas līdzekļi, biocīdi, plastifikatori, silikons, pirotehnika, smēreļļas utt.
‘Mixture’ means a mixture or solution composed of two or more substances.
Procesa laikā radušies piesārņotāji kā emisijas var veidoties jebkura procesa laikā un iedarboties uz cilvēku veselību darbā, piemēram, sadegšanas process, procesi, kas fizikāli vai ķīmiski noārda vai citādi maina izejmateriālu.
Solid particles of a substance or mixture suspended in a gas (usually air).
Ķīmisks savienojums, kas sastāv no diviem vai vairākiem ķīmiskajiem elementiem.
Liquid means a substance or mixture which:
(i) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure of not more than 300 kPa (3 bar);
(ii) is not completely gaseous at 20 °C and at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa; and
(iii) which has a melting point or initial melting point of 20 °C or less at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa;
Termins “tvaiki” jo sevišķi attiecas uz cietām daļiņām, kas suspensijas veidā atrodas gaisā un kuras bieži rodas, iztvaikojot izkusušām vielām (piemēram, metināšanas aerosols vai gumijas izgarojumi).
‘Substance’ means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition; Ķīmisks elements vai divu vai vairāku ķīmisko elementu savienojums.
Health and Safety
A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. Hazards can affect people, property, processes; they can cause accidents and ill-heath, loss of output, damage to machinery, etc.
Exposure describes that a substance is present in the environment of a worker and can be either inhaled or taken up by contact with the skin (also eyes, ears) or through ingestion.
Contact of an organism with a chemical, radiological, or physical agent. Exposure is quantified as the amount of the agent available at the exchange boundaries of the organism (e.g. skin, lungs, gut) and available for absorption.
The drawing of air into the airways and lungs
Skin irritation means the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours.
Carcinogen means a substance or a mixture of substances which induce cancer or increase its incidence.
A mutation means a permanent change in the amount or structure of the genetic material in a cell. The term ‘mutation’ applies both to heritable genetic changes that may be manifested at the phenotypic level and to the underlying DNA modifications when known (including specific base pair changes and chromosomal translocations).
The taking of food, drugs, liquids, or other substances into the body by mouth.
Respiratory sensitiser means a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance.
Skin sensitiser means a substance that will lead to an allergic response following skin contact
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring.
Occupational risk refers to the likelihood and the severity of an injury or an illness occurring as a result of exposure to a hazard.
Respiratory sensitiser means a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance.
An explosive substance or mixture is a solid or liquid substance or mixture of substances which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.
Skin sensitiser means a substance that will lead to an allergic response following skin contact
Bīstamu vielu iedarbība var radīt specifisku orgānu bojājumus. CLP izšķir orgānu bojājumus pēc vienreizējas iedarbības vai atkārtotas iedarbības.
The CLP differentiates between flammable gases, aerosols liquids and solids and applies different criteria. A simplified definition is that all substances that can ignite and burn or support ignition and burning of other materials are classified as flammable.
Legislation
see: Chemical Agents Directive
Directive 2004/37/EC (the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive, CMD)
of 29 April 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work
Directive 98/24/EC (the Chemical Agents Directive, CAD)
of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation)
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
see Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive
see: Globally Harmonised System
Directive 2009/161/EU - indicative occupational exposure limit values
see: Occupational Exposure Limit
see: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH Regulation)
of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and establishing a European Chemicals Agency
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 - REACH
see: Safety Data Sheet
Measures and Procedures
Bīstamas vielas vai ķīmiska maisījuma vai procesa, kura laikā rodas bīstamas vielas, aizstāšana ar mazāk bīstamu(-ām).
Hazard statement means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard;
Hazard pictogram means a graphical composition that includes a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as a border, background pattern or colour that is intended to convey specific information on the hazard concerned;
All measures that aim at the reduction of the generation of dangerous substances and the exposure risk.
PPE means: (a) equipment designed and manufactured to be worn or held by a person for protection against one or more risks to that person's health or safety; (b) interchangeable components for equipment referred to in point (a) which are essential for its protective function; (c) connexion systems for equipment referred to in point (a) that are not held or worn by a person, that are designed to connect that equipment to an external device or to a reliable anchorage point, that are not designed to be permanently fixed and that do not require fastening works before use;
Visi pasākumi, ar kuriem paredzēts samazināt bīstamu vielu veidošanos un risku iedarboties uz darbiniekiem.
Measurement of the concentration of air contaminants at the workplace. Measurements may be used for measuring workers´ exposure or to study the concentration of air contaminants at the workplace, e.g. leakages, identification of sources emitting air contaminants and evaluation of the effectiveness of local exhausts as a basis for decisions about what measures should be taken. Depending on which substance is to be measured, different kinds of measuring equipment are available.
Visi pasākumi, ar kuriem paredzēts samazināt bīstamu vielu iedarbību, izmantojot organizatoriskus līdzekļus (piem., samazinot darbinieku skaitu iedarbībai piesārņotajās zonās).
The aim of occupational risk assessment is to protect workers’ health and safety. Risk assessment includes identifying risks, evaluating how severe the risk is and deciding if there is a need to take action to reduce the risk.
Under health and safety laws, all employers must carry out regular risk assessment.
SDS provide information about the properties of a chemical product, its hazards, and instructions for handling, disposal and transport, first-aid, fire-fighting and safety measures to reduce exposure. The information in SDS is needed to understand the risks and know how to handle the chemical product safely.
Visi pasākumi, ar kuriem paredzēts samazināt bīstamu vielu iedarbību, izmantojot tehnisku aprīkojumu.